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            <h1 id="Linux升级内核开启BBR的好处">
                
                Linux升级内核开启BBR的好处
                
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        <span class="date-meta ">2017/11/29</span>
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            <p>如果你关注一些科技新闻，应该会有看过内核在4.9当中加入了一个新的算法，来解决在有一定的丢包率的情况下的带宽稳定的问题，这个是谷歌为我们带来的干货，新的 TCP 拥塞控制算法 BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and RTT)，谷歌一向的做法是，先上生产，然后发论文，然后有可能开源，所以这个已经合并到了内核4.9分支当中，算法带来的改变在出的测试报告当中有很详细的数据展示，这个看多了可能反而不知道到底会有什么明显改变，特别是对于我们自己的场景。<br>本篇就是来做一个实践的，开看看在通用的一些场景下，这个改变有多大</p>
<h1 id="实践"><a href="#实践" class="headerlink" title="实践"></a>实践</h1><p>两台机器node1和node2,node1做一个webserver，node2模拟客户端，用简单的wget来进行测试，环境为同一个交换机上的万兆网卡服务器<br>本次测试只测试一种丢包率的情况就是1%，有兴趣的情况下，可以自己去做些其他丢包率的测试，大多数写在丢包率20%以上的时候，效果可能没那么好，这个高丢包率不是我们探讨的情况，毕竟不是常用的场景</p>
<h2 id="准备下载数据"><a href="#准备下载数据" class="headerlink" title="准备下载数据"></a>准备下载数据</h2><p>准备一个web服务器然后把一个iso丢到根目录下，用于客户端的wget</p>
<h2 id="设置丢包率"><a href="#设置丢包率" class="headerlink" title="设置丢包率"></a>设置丢包率</h2><p>这里用tc进行控制的，也就是一条命令就可以了,这个还可以做其他很多控制，可以自行研究<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">tc qdisc add dev eth0 root netem loss 1%</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>如果需要取消限制<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">tc qdisc del root dev eth0</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="设置新的算法"><a href="#设置新的算法" class="headerlink" title="设置新的算法"></a>设置新的算法</h2><p>将下面的两个配置文件添加到/etc/sysctl.conf<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr</div><div class="line">net.core.default_qdisc=fq</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后执行sysctl -p让它生效<br>检查是参数是否生效<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@node1 ~]<span class="comment"># sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control</span></div><div class="line">net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control = bbr cubic reno</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>检查模块是否开启<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@node1 ~]<span class="comment"># lsmod | grep bbr</span></div><div class="line">tcp_bbr                16384  0</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>如果需要恢复成默认的就修改成下面这个值，然后执行sysct -p恢复默认<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic</div><div class="line">net.core.default_qdisc = pfifo_fast</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="开始测试"><a href="#开始测试" class="headerlink" title="开始测试"></a>开始测试</h2><p>为了避免磁盘本身的写入速度的影响，我们直接将数据wget到内存当中去<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">[root@node1 ~]<span class="comment"># cd /dev/shm</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>写入到这个目录当中的数据就是直接写入内存的<br>我们先来对比下没有丢包的时候的速度</p>
<h3 id="默认算法，无丢包率"><a href="#默认算法，无丢包率" class="headerlink" title="默认算法，无丢包率"></a>默认算法，无丢包率</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"> wget http://192.168.11.100/kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso</div><div class="line">2017-01-24 12:34:01 (909 MB/s) - ‘kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso’ saved</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="BBR算法，无丢包率"><a href="#BBR算法，无丢包率" class="headerlink" title="BBR算法，无丢包率"></a>BBR算法，无丢包率</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">wget http://192.168.11.100/kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso</div><div class="line">2017-01-24 12:36:21 (913 MB/s) - ‘kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso’ saved</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上面的两组数据基本一样，没有什么差别<br>下面的测试将丢包率控制到1%，然后继续测试</p>
<h3 id="默认算法，1-丢包率"><a href="#默认算法，1-丢包率" class="headerlink" title="默认算法，1%丢包率"></a>默认算法，1%丢包率</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">wget http://192.168.11.100/kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso</div><div class="line">2017-01-24 12:38:47 (142 MB/s) - ‘kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso’ saved</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到在1%丢包率下，速度已经降为正常的1/6左右了，是一个很大的衰减</p>
<h3 id="BBR算法，1-丢包率"><a href="#BBR算法，1-丢包率" class="headerlink" title="BBR算法，1%丢包率"></a>BBR算法，1%丢包率</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">wget http://192.168.11.100/kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso</div><div class="line">2017-01-24 12:40:25 (896 MB/s) - ‘kubuntu-17.04-desktop-amd64.iso’</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到在1%丢包率下，还能维持接近900MB/s的下载速度，相对于默认算法，相差了真是非常非常的大，google在很多情况下技术甩了其他公司真的是几条街了</p>
<h1 id=""><a href="#" class="headerlink" title="!!"></a>!!</h1><p>上面的测试通过一个简单的场景来验证了bbr算法对于丢包情况下的带宽的优化，这个对于一些提供下载服务，并且有一定的丢包率的场景的情况下，能够有很大的改善，所以算法对于技术的改变还是非常大的，很多时候就是这种异常情况下的差别，才是真正的差别</p>

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    <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#实践"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">实践</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#准备下载数据"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">准备下载数据</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#设置丢包率"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">设置丢包率</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#设置新的算法"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">设置新的算法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#开始测试"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">开始测试</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#默认算法，无丢包率"><span class="toc-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">默认算法，无丢包率</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BBR算法，无丢包率"><span class="toc-number">1.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">BBR算法，无丢包率</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#默认算法，1-丢包率"><span class="toc-number">1.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">默认算法，1%丢包率</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#BBR算法，1-丢包率"><span class="toc-number">1.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">BBR算法，1%丢包率</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">!!</span></a></li></ol>


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